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 photos copyright John P. Hoover unless otherwise credited


Some interesting cnidarians not in Hawaii's Sea Creatures

The following Bishop Museum lists of Hawaii species are available online:
Scyphozoa (jellyfish))

Cubozoa (box jellyfish)
Anthozoa (corals, anemones, zoanthids)
Hydrozoa (hydroids & siphonophores

Dr Daphne Fautin's "Hexacorallians of the World" database

 

Heteranthus verruculatus Klunzinger, 1877
family Phymanthidae

Cory Pittman photographed a colony of these anemones in Kahului Harbor, Maui. I sent the photo to Dr. Daphne Fautin at the University of Kansas, who kindly identified it for us. According to Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii, Section 1 (published in 1977), "The oral disk is dark greenish brown to sepia, overlaid by varying amounts of opaque white, the white sometimes covering all the disk except the mesenterial insertions.... In Hawaii, this species is known only from Coconut Island in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, where it occurs on sills of concrete spillways between fish ponds."

Actinoporus elongatus Carlgren, 1900
family Aurelianidae

Mike Ogata at the Maui Ocean Center emailed me in May 2008 about an unidentified anemone found in Maalaea Bay which was on display in one of their aquariums. Later, Cory Pittman visited the aquarium and snapped this photo of it partially emerged. He thought it might be about 2 in. across. I sent the photos to Daphne Fautin at the
Univ. of Kansas who identified it tentatively as Actinoporus elongatus, first found off Mozambique, East Africa and known also from Madagascar and near Townsville, Australia. Examination of a specimen would be needed to confirm the ID, but Dr. Fautin seemed fairly sure. The Maui Ocean Center specimen was found in about 20 ft. in silty sand. Definitely a first record for Hawai`i.

family Edwardsiidae

I found this small anemone in silty sand at Ho`okena, Hawaii, at a depth of about 50 ft. in Sept. 2008. It was probably not more than an inch in diameter and disappeared quickly into its hole after I snapped the photo. Because of its quick withdrawal I thought it might be a tube anemone (cerianthid). I sent the photo to Dr. Daphne Fautin, anemone specialist at the Univ. of Kansas, and she says it is definitely not a cerianthid because it has no tentacles around the mouth. She said that it's an edwardsid and belongs to a family of anemones which live in sand. They tend to be similar in appearance and often hold a few tentacles erect. Because of their sensitivity they are very hard to collect. Without a specimen, of course, she cannot go further. At least two species in this family are known from Hawaii, both from shallow water close to shore. This may be a third.

genus Nemanthus

Sam Kahng sent me this photo of unidentified anemones found attached to black coral at 140 ft. The shot was taken at the Waikiki Aquarium. Dr. Daphne Fautin writes: "This photo shows what are generally called *Nemanthus*. They are common at moderate depths attached to rods (usually octocoral branches, but also probably any other elongate cylinder). They are photographed by divers because of their spectacular colors, but are rarely collected so their identity cannot be ascertained. There are a couple of other genera that seem similar and that are easily distinguished by a glance inside (*Nemanthus* has "acontioids," which are superficially similar to acontia but are really very different). They are known from eastern Asia and the Gulf of California, so Hawaii is not at all surprising." I believe this is another first record for Hawaii.

family Aliciidae
Kendra Choquette of Dive Makai in Kona sent in this photo. She writes:

We saw this critter in 100 feet of water, attached to a rock, out in the middle of the sand at the Garden Eel Dive by the airport! I touched it (of course) and it did NOT pull in but I could see it was attached to the rock. It also mildly stung me. Gotta be an anemone of some sort. The strange creature was the size of my fist-maybe 5-6 inches across and 3-4 inches vertically. Any ideas????

I forwarded Kendra's photo to Dr. Daphne Fautin at the University of Kansas who replied that it belongs to an anemone of the family Aliciidae. These anemones, she writes, have protrusions on the column that harbor symbiotic algae. Because an accurate ID even to genus can only be made by examining the form and placement of the protrusions on the column, Dr. Fautin was unable to identify it further.

Anemones in this family, like many others, tend to contract by day and expand by night. It would be terrific if Kendra could do a night dive at the site and photograph it in its expanded form. Maybe Dr. Fautin could then identify it for us. These are amazing, beautiful animals when expanded, and much sought-after by underwater photographers in the know. To get an idea what this species might look like, see the image of the Berried Anemone, Alicia mirabilis on Paul Humann's site.

You can find still more images by searching Google. Anemones of this family have never before been reported from Hawai`i. This is a very exciting find. Go Kendra!



Anomalorhiza shawi Light, 1921
     Large scyphozoans such as this are rare in Hawaiian waters. This animal, originally described from the Philippines in 1921, is believed to have been introduced accidentally to Hawai`i. It was first recorded here in the early 1980s. The specimen in the photo, about 2 ft. across, was collected in Kane`ohe Bay, O`ahu, in February 2001 and photographed in a large holding tank at the Waikiki Aquarium. Dr. Bruce Carlson in the background.

Honolulu Star Bulletin article
Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology article


 

SWIMMING ANEMONE
Boloceroides mcmurrichi
(Kwietniewski, 1898)
     Actually, this anemone IS in my book, but the photo is poor in the original edition. In the revised edition I substituted the top photo above.As you can see from the top photo, this anemone can actually swim by paddling with its tentacles. The tentacles are easily shed, however, and this animal had already lost quite a few by the time I was able to take its picture. Darrell Takaoka collected it in Kane`ohe Bay, O`ahu, and brought it to me. I returned it to the Bay, photographed it, and let it go. These can be abundant in highly protected bays, such as Maalaea and Kaneohe.


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  Text and photos copyright John P. Hoover unless otherwise credited